JNTUH B.Tech - R22 - Applied Physics - Important Questions

[Rahul]

JNTUH B.Tech - R22 - Applied Physics - Important Questions

Unit 1 : Quantum Physics and Solids

• Explain blackbody radiation and derive Planck’s radiation law.
• Explain the photoelectric effect and derive Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
• Describe the Davisson and Germer experiment and explain its significance.
• State and explain Heisenberg uncertainty principle with applications.
• Derive the time independent Schrödinger wave equation and explain its physical significance.
• Solve the particle in a one-dimensional potential box and obtain the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.
• Explain free electron theory (Drude-Lorentz and Sommerfeld models) and discuss their merits and limitations.
• Explain Fermi-Dirac distribution and its importance in solids.
• Describe the Kronig-Penney model and explain the origin of energy bands using the E-K diagram.
• Classify solids into conductors, semiconductors, and insulators based on band theory.

Unit 2 : Semiconductors and Devices

• Explain intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors with energy band diagrams.
• Derive the Hall effect and explain the determination of Hall coefficient and carrier concentration.
• Differentiate between direct band gap and indirect band gap semiconductors with suitable examples.
• Explain the construction, working principle, and V-I characteristics of a P-N junction diode.
• Explain the construction, working principle, and breakdown characteristics of a Zener diode.
• Explain the construction, operation, and characteristics of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).
• Describe the structure, materials, working principle, and characteristics of an LED.
• Explain the construction and operation of a PIN diode and its applications.
• Explain the structure and working principle of an avalanche photodiode (APD).
• Explain the construction, working principle, characteristics, and applications of solar cells.

Unit 3 : Dielectric, Magnetic and Energy Materials

• Define dielectric materials and explain the different types of polarization.
• Explain ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric materials with their applications.
• Describe the construction and working principle of liquid crystal displays (LCD) and crystal oscillators.
• Explain hysteresis and discuss the significance of the hysteresis loop.
• Differentiate between soft magnetic materials and hard magnetic materials with applications.
• Explain magnetostriction and magnetoresistance with practical applications.
• Describe bubble memory devices, magnetic field sensors, and multiferroic materials.
• Explain the conductivity of liquid and solid electrolytes.
• Discuss superionic conductors and materials/electrolytes used for super capacitors.
• Explain rechargeable ion batteries and solid fuel cells with their working principles.

Unit 4 : Nanotechnology

• Define nanoscale and explain the concept of quantum confinement in nanomaterials.
• Explain the significance of surface-to-volume ratio in nanomaterials.
• Describe bottom-up fabrication techniques: sol-gel method, precipitation method, and combustion method.
• Explain the top-down fabrication technique of ball milling.
• Describe Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and its applications.
• Explain Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and compare it with PVD.
• Explain the principle and applications of X-ray Diffraction (XRD).
• Describe the working principle and applications of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
• Explain the working principle and applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
• Discuss the important applications of nanomaterials in engineering and technology.

Unit 5 : Laser and Fiber Optics

• Spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission).
• Derive Einstein coefficients and explain the relations between them.
• Explain the principle of lasing action and the different pumping methods used in lasers.
• Describe the construction, working principle, energy level diagram, and applications of Ruby Laser.
• Explain the construction, working principle, and applications of He-Ne Laser.
• Describe the construction, working principle, and applications of CO2 Laser, Nd:YAG Laser, and Semiconductor Laser.
• Discuss the important applications of lasers in engineering, medicine, and communication.
• Explain the principle of total internal reflection and the construction of an optical fiber.
• Derive acceptance angle and numerical aperture of an optical fiber.
• Classify optical fibers, explain losses in optical fibers, and discuss optical fiber communication system and applications.